疾病预测是医学应用中的知名分类问题。 GCNS提供了一个强大的工具，用于分析患者相对于彼此的特征。这可以通过将问题建模作为图形节点分类任务来实现，其中每个节点是患者。由于这种医学数据集的性质，类别不平衡是疾病预测领域的普遍存在问题，其中类的分布是歪曲的。当数据中存在类别不平衡时，现有的基于图形的分类器倾向于偏向于主要类别并忽略小类中的样本。另一方面，所有患者中罕见阳性病例的正确诊断在医疗保健系统中至关重要。在传统方法中，通过将适当的权重分配给丢失函数中的类别来解决这种不平衡，这仍然依赖于对异常值敏感的权重的相对值，并且在某些情况下偏向于小类（ES）。在本文中，我们提出了一种重加权的对抗性图形卷积网络（RA-GCN），以防止基于图形的分类器强调任何特定类的样本。这是通过将基于图形的神经网络与每个类相关联来完成的，这负责加权类样本并改变分类器的每个样本的重要性。因此，分类器自身调节并确定类之间的边界，更加关注重要样本。分类器和加权网络的参数受到侵犯方法训练。我们在合成和三个公共医疗数据集上显示实验。与最近的方法相比，ra-gcn展示了与最近的方法在所有三个数据集上识别患者状态的方法相比。详细分析作为合成数据集的定量和定性实验提供。

Deep neural networks may easily memorize noisy labels present in real-world data, which degrades their ability to generalize. It is therefore important to track and evaluate the robustness of models against noisy label memorization. We propose a metric, called susceptibility, to gauge such memorization for neural networks. Susceptibility is simple and easy to compute during training. Moreover, it does not require access to ground-truth labels and it only uses unlabeled data. We empirically show the effectiveness of our metric in tracking memorization on various architectures and datasets and provide theoretical insights into the design of the susceptibility metric. Finally, we show through extensive experiments on datasets with synthetic and real-world label noise that one can utilize susceptibility and the overall training accuracy to distinguish models that maintain a low memorization on the training set and generalize well to unseen clean data.

With the progress of sensor technology in wearables, the collection and analysis of PPG signals are gaining more interest. Using Machine Learning, the cardiac rhythm corresponding to PPG signals can be used to predict different tasks such as activity recognition, sleep stage detection, or more general health status. However, supervised learning is often limited by the amount of available labeled data, which is typically expensive to obtain. To address this problem, we propose a Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) method with a pretext task of signal reconstruction to learn an informative generalized PPG representation. The performance of the proposed SSL framework is compared with two fully supervised baselines. The results show that in a very limited label data setting (10 samples per class or less), using SSL is beneficial, and a simple classifier trained on SSL-learned representations outperforms fully supervised deep neural networks. However, the results reveal that the SSL-learned representations are too focused on encoding the subjects. Unfortunately, there is high inter-subject variability in the SSL-learned representations, which makes working with this data more challenging when labeled data is scarce. The high inter-subject variability suggests that there is still room for improvements in learning representations. In general, the results suggest that SSL may pave the way for the broader use of machine learning models on PPG data in label-scarce regimes.

Cross-domain graph anomaly detection (CD-GAD) describes the problem of detecting anomalous nodes in an unlabelled target graph using auxiliary, related source graphs with labelled anomalous and normal nodes. Although it presents a promising approach to address the notoriously high false positive issue in anomaly detection, little work has been done in this line of research. There are numerous domain adaptation methods in the literature, but it is difficult to adapt them for GAD due to the unknown distributions of the anomalies and the complex node relations embedded in graph data. To this end, we introduce a novel domain adaptation approach, namely Anomaly-aware Contrastive alignmenT (ACT), for GAD. ACT is designed to jointly optimise: (i) unsupervised contrastive learning of normal representations of nodes in the target graph, and (ii) anomaly-aware one-class alignment that aligns these contrastive node representations and the representations of labelled normal nodes in the source graph, while enforcing significant deviation of the representations of the normal nodes from the labelled anomalous nodes in the source graph. In doing so, ACT effectively transfers anomaly-informed knowledge from the source graph to learn the complex node relations of the normal class for GAD on the target graph without any specification of the anomaly distributions. Extensive experiments on eight CD-GAD settings demonstrate that our approach ACT achieves substantially improved detection performance over 10 state-of-the-art GAD methods. Code is available at https://github.com/QZ-WANG/ACT.

Time series anomaly detection has applications in a wide range of research fields and applications, including manufacturing and healthcare. The presence of anomalies can indicate novel or unexpected events, such as production faults, system defects, or heart fluttering, and is therefore of particular interest. The large size and complex patterns of time series have led researchers to develop specialised deep learning models for detecting anomalous patterns. This survey focuses on providing structured and comprehensive state-of-the-art time series anomaly detection models through the use of deep learning. It providing a taxonomy based on the factors that divide anomaly detection models into different categories. Aside from describing the basic anomaly detection technique for each category, the advantages and limitations are also discussed. Furthermore, this study includes examples of deep anomaly detection in time series across various application domains in recent years. It finally summarises open issues in research and challenges faced while adopting deep anomaly detection models.

最近的研究提出了一系列针对深度任务模型的专业优化算法。通常声称这些多任务优化（MTO）方法产生的解决方案优于仅通过优化任务损失的加权平均值而获得的解决方案。在本文中，我们对各种语言和视觉任务进行大规模实验，以检查这些主张的经验有效性。我们表明，尽管这些算法的设计和计算复杂性增加了，但MTO方法并未产生超出传统优化方法可实现的性能的任何改进。我们强调了替代策略，这些策略始终如一地提高性能概况，并指出可能导致次优效果的常见训练陷阱。最后，我们概述了可靠地评估MTO算法的性能并讨论潜在解决方案的挑战。

我们提出了Zeroeggs，这是一个神经网络框架，用于语音驱动的手势生成，以零拍出样式控制。这意味着即使在训练过程中看不见的运动样式，也只能通过一个简短的运动剪辑来控制样式。我们的模型使用一个变性框架来学习样式嵌入，从而可以通过潜在的空间操纵或样式嵌入方式的混合和缩放来修改样式。我们框架的概率性质进一步使给定输入相同的各种输出的产生，以解决手势运动的随机性质。在一系列实验中，我们首先证明了模型对新的扬声器和样式的灵活性和概括性。然后，在一项用户研究中，我们表明我们的模型在运动，语音适当性和风格刻画方面的自然性，适当性和刻画的表现优于先前的最先进技术。最后，我们释放了包括手指在内的全身手势运动的高质量数据集，语音跨越了19种不同的样式。

本文着重于基于雷达的同时定位和映射（SLAM）中的有效地标管理。必须进行地标管理，以保持相对于平台姿势估计的估计地标的一致地图。当面对从相同地标和/或动态环境的多个检测到地标可以更改的地标和/或动态环境时，此任务尤其重要。雷达数据的另一个挑战是存在错误检测。因此，我们为Radar Slam Landmark Management提出了一个简单而有效的规则解决方案。假设我们的解决方案中有几个步骤：需要检测并包括新的地标，需要识别和删除虚假地标，并且需要维护地图中注册的地标的一致性。为了说明我们的解决方案，我们在包含固定和固定地标的环境中运行扩展的Kalman Filter Slam算法。我们的仿真结果表明，即使面对虚假检测和来自同一地标的多次检测，提出的解决方案也能够可靠地管理地标。

对网络中的用户如何根据邻居的意见更新他们的意见的理解吸引了网络科学领域的极大兴趣，并且越来越多的文献认识到了这个问题的重要性。在这篇研究论文中，我们提出了有指导网络中意见形成的新动态模型。在此模型中，每个节点的意见被更新为邻居意见的加权平均值，而权重代表社会影响力。我们将一种新的中心度度量定义为基于影响和整合性的社会影响度量。我们使用两个意见形成模型来衡量这种新方法：（i）degroot模型和（ii）我们自己提出的模型。先前发表的研究没有考虑合格，并且仅考虑计算社会影响时节点的影响。在我们的定义中，与高度和较低程度的节点相关的较低度和高度的节点具有较高的中心性。作为这项研究的主要贡献，我们提出了一种算法，用于在社交网络中找到一小部分节点，该节点可能会对其他节点的观点产生重大影响。关于现实世界数据的实验表明，所提出的算法显着优于先前发布的最新方法。

我们考虑涉及一组代理的在线估计问题。每个代理都可以访问（个人）流程，该过程从实数分布中生成样本，并试图估算其平均值。我们研究了某些分布具有相同均值的情况，并且允许代理人积极查询其他代理商的信息。目的是设计一种算法，该算法使每个代理都能够通过与其他代理商进行沟通来改善其平均估计。平均值的均值和分布数量尚不清楚，这使得任务是非平凡的。我们介绍了一种新颖的协作策略，以解决这个在线个性化的平均估计问题。我们分析其时间复杂性，并引入在数值实验中享有良好性能的变体。我们还将我们的方法扩展到了具有相似手段的代理商群体寻求估算其群集的平均值的环境。